Correlation between malondialdehyde (MDA) and uric acid levels in preeclampsia.

Background: Hypertensive disorders of human pregnancy, such as preeclampsia, complicates a sizeable percentage of all pregnancies, need its early indication and warning. The aim of present study was to determine the association between lipid peroxidation product, serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum uric acid levels in preeclampsia and find out any association between these two parameters in preeclampsia. Methods: Thirty preeclampsia and thirty gestational age matched normotensive pregnant women attending Narayana General Hospital, Nellore were included in the study. Serum MDA levels were measured by Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances(TBARS) method and serum uric acid levels were estimated by automated chemistry analyser using commercial kits. Results: Serum MDA (Mean±SEM 24.4±2.38 vs 7.9± 0.28 nmol/ml, p value < 0.000) and serum uric acid levels (7.2 ± 0.25 vs 3.9 ± 0.14 mg/dl, p value <0.000) were significantly elevated in preeclampsia cases when compared with that of normotensive pregnant women. A weak positive correlation between serum uric acid and serum MDA (r value 0.065, p value 0.734) was noticed in preeclampsia. Conclusion: Serum MDA and uric acid may be included as additional markers for screening and progression of preeclampsia, thereby helpful in effectively treating the condition at an early stage.

Vitamin D Receptor fok I Gene Polymorphism in Angiographically Proven Coronary Artery Disease Subjects: Case - Control Study.

Aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is multifactorial disease resulting from modifiable and non modifiable risk factors. Gene polymorphism is one of the non modifiable risk factors, which may contribute to disease susceptibility. Identifying genetic polymorphisms is essential for better understanding of pathophysiology and treatment strategies for a particular disease. The objective of our study was to evaluate the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) fok I polymorphism with CAD. . Place and Duration of the Study: The study samples were collected at Narayana Medical College Hospital, Nellore and genetic analysis done at Sri Ramachandra University, Chennai, India, from Nov 2013 to June 2014. Materials and Methodology: The study included 40 angiographically proven CAD subjects as cases and 40 normal healthy controls .VDR fok I polymorphism was analysed by PCR-RFLP method. Chi Square and odds ratio was used to find the association. Results: F allele frequency is 66.25% in CAD vs 52.5% in controls. There is no significant association of FF (p= 0.099), Ff (p= 0.851), ff (p= 0.138) with CAD. Conclusion: There is no significant association of VDR fok I polymorphism with CAD in south Indian population. According to our study F allele frequency is more in CAD than in controls.

Study on microalbuminuria and oxidativestress in diabetics.

Background Diabetic nephropathy accounts for about 40% of ESRD. In early stages of diabetic nephropathy there are no clinical signs & symptoms of glomerular changes. The earliest indication of nephropathy is microalbuminuria1(American diabetes Association). Advanced Glycation Endproducts in diabetes favorers the Oxidative stress which is implicated in etiology of human diseases. The present study was undertaken to asses the role of oxidative stress in causing diabetic nephropathy2 (Josephine M Forbe etal). Materials & Methods 50 cases of diagnosed diabetic subjects were selected for the present study. Aged 30 – 60 years , both the males & females were included. Blood samples were collected in fluoride test tubes for estimation of FBS & PPBS. EDTA & heparin blood samples for glutathione & glutathione peroxidase respectively. A fasting urine sample was collected in a sterile container for microalbumin estimation. Results Significant increase in the levels of urine microalbumin (P<0.01) & Glutathione peroxidase (P<0.002) were observed in diabetics compare to healthy controls. Glutathione values were decreased (P<0.00). Conclusion Lowered glutathione values and elevated glutathione peroxidase values were consistently observed in all the cases indicating the association of oxidative stress in all diabetic patients. Microalbuminuria is observed in all the patients irrespective of the duration of the illness indicating sub clinical damage of microvasculature probably due to oxidative stress.

Association of dyslipidemia and inflammatory markers in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: The interplay between inflammation and lipids has recently been the focus of research aimed at understanding the development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the process of atherogenesis. Inflammatory markers particularly Tumor necrosis factor-α and high sensitive C-reactive protein interfere with lipid homeostasis and activates proinflammatory mechanisms in type-2 Diabetes mellitus. Our aim of the study was to analyze and correlate the inflammatory markers with lipids in Type2 Diabetes mellitus. 50 diabetic subjects and 50 normal healthy controls were recruited from the outpatient department of Narayana Medical college and hospital, Nellore, A.P). Serum TNF-alpha concentration was measured using Sandwich ELISA kit method. commercial enzymatic methods were used in the determination of serum total.cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and Triacylglycerides. LDL cholesterol was estimated using friedewald equation. Turbidimetric immunoassay (QUANTIA CRP- US) is used for ultrasensitive determination of high sensitive C-reactive protein in serum. Results: serum levels of TNF-α and hs-CRP were significantly elevated in type 2 diabetes mellitus and correlated positively with triacylglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol but negatively with HDL cholesterol. We conclude from our study that there is a strong association between proathergenic lipid profile and inflammatory markers in Type2Diabetes mellitus and suggests a significant role of the inflammatory markers in the pathogenesis of dyslipidemia in Type2diabetes mellitus.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in normal and abnormal glucose tolerant subjects in South India.

Background: Type 2 diabetes prevalence is increasing world wide, due to underline insulin resistance leading to metabolic syndrome. Subjects with abnormal glucose metabolism are at increased risk for Coronary artery disease. Thus the diagnosis of insulin resistance is useful to prevent the increasing complication of diabetes. Aims & Objectives: The present study was done in subjects with normal and abnormal glucose metabolism to find out the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Methodology: By oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), 136 subjects were divided into normal glucose tolerance (NGT) , Impaired glucose tolerant (IGT) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL – c, insulin, hsCRP were measured in all the groups. HOMA IR was calculated and based on IDF(International Diabetic Federation) Criteria each group is divided into with MS and with out MS. Results: All the parameters were compared between the groups. p value <0.05 considered as significant. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in NGT was 26%, in IGT 43% and 86% among those with DM. The prevalence of insulin resistance was more in MS group compared to subjects without MS (NGT: 40% Vs 13.15%, DM 52% Vs50%). Conclusion: Metabolic Syndrome is one of the earliest detectable risk factors with increased insulin resistance.Thus diagnosing the subjects with metabolic syndrome can reduce the increasing prevalence of diabetes & helps in preventing the complication of type 2 diabetes.

Imbalance of oxidants and antioxidant systems in subjects with cirrhosis.

Oxidative stress has been increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of cirrhosis. Ethanol and various viral infections will increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the liver, resulting in an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants. Thus determination of oxidants along with antioxidants,stated the role of oxidative stress more accurately in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis. In the present study we measured the markers of prooxidants, erythrocyte malondialdehyde (MAD), antioxidants that included erythrocyte catalase, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx). 30 subjects with age 25-60 years, who were diagnosed as having liver cirrhosis by the department of Gastroenterology, Narayana Medical Hospital were included, 30 normal healthy individuals of the same age were selected as control . The results clearly indicated that the levels of pro oxidants, MDA were high in cirrhotic subjects than in the controls with p value of 0.0001. The levels of antioxidant enzymes GSH, Catalase were low in cirrhosis with p value of 0.0001 (GSH) and 0.067(Catalase). But the mean value of glutathione peroxidase was high in cirrhosis than in controls. This may be due to conterregulation with oxidative stress. Hence this study indicates the role of oxidative stress in liver cirrhosis and it clearly defines the imbalance between oxidants & antioxidants.

Link Between Oral And Systemic Distance - Interpretation of Laboratory Investigation Report.

There is ample evidence of a link between oral and systemic diseases. Dental procedures are associated with a finite risk to the patient. Medical risk assessment begins with identification of medical problems by taking medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests and medical consultation. Diabetes mellitus has adverse effects on entire body. Hepatobiliary diseases can produce mucocutaneous lesions. It is important to be familiar with various bleeding disorders and baseline hematological investigations before embarking on dental surgeries. The laboratory investigations often provide the missing link between oral and systemic diseases.

Modulatory effects of garlic extract against the cyclophosphamide induced genotoxicity in human lymphocytes in vitro.

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic and immunosuppressive agent which is used in the treatment of wide range of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Besides that it is a well known carcinogen. In this study by using chromosomal aberrations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) assays method, the modulatory effects exerted by the extract of garlic against the CP induced genotoxicity in the human lymphocyte cultures in vitro were tested. Three different doses of garlic extract were tested for their modulatory capacity on the mutagenecity exerted by 100 µg ml-1 of CP. The results indicate a significant decrease in the frequency of CA and SCE suggesting that the garlic extract modulates the CP induced genotoxicity in a dose dependent manner. These findings provide the future directions for the research on design and development of possible modulatory drugs containing garlic extract.